ARTIST BIOGRAPHY
Dalí, Salvador (1904-89): Spanish painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and designer. After passing through phases of Cubism, Futurism and Metaphysical painting, he joined the Surrealists in 1929 and his talent for self-publicity rapidly made him the most famous representative of the movement. Throughout his life he cultivated eccentricity and exhibitionism (one of his most famous acts was appearing in a diving suit at the opening of the London Surrealist exhibition in 1936), claiming that this was the source of his creative energy. He took over the Surrealist theory of automatism but transformed it into a more positive method which he named `critical paranoia’. According to this theory one should cultivate genuine delusion as in clinical paranoia while remaining residually aware at the back of one’s mind that the control of the reason and will has been deliberately suspended. He claimed that this method should be used not only in artistic and poetical creation but also in the affairs of daily life. His paintings employed a meticulous academic technique that was contradicted by the unreal `dream’ space he depicted and by the strangely hallucinatory characters of his imagery. He described his pictures as `hand-painted dream photographs’ and had certain favorite and recurring images, such as the human figure with half-open drawers protruding from it, burning giraffes, and watches bent and flowing as if made from melting wax (The Persistence of Memory, MOMA, New York; 1931).
(1904年5月11日-1989年1月23日) 薩爾瓦多·達利(Salvador Dalí),是著名的西班牙加泰羅尼亞畫家,因為其超現實主義作品而聞名,他與畢卡索和馬蒂斯一同被認為是20世紀最有代表性的3個畫家。
達利是一位具有非凡才能和想像力的藝術家,達利因為人們觸目驚心、與夢相關的超現實主義畫面所熟知。他的作品將怪異夢境般的形象與卓越的繪圖技術和受文藝復興大師影響的繪畫技巧令人驚奇地混合在一起。此外達利的繪畫藝術同時與電影、雕塑和攝影藝術接軌,促成了與影像藝術家的豐富合作。達利有著塑造極具個性又能得到認可的作品風格的獨特繪畫才能。這種風格振奮人心並讓其他創新都相形見絀。他最知名的作品之一是1931年創作完成的《記憶的永恆》,也被叫做《軟表》。他有一種對做出出格的事物而引起他人注意的狂熱愛好,並影響至他的公眾藝術形象,使他的藝術愛好者與評論家異常苦惱。
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Apart from painting, Dalí’s output included sculpture, book illustration, jewellery design, and work for the theatre. In collaboration with the director Luis Buñuel he also made the first Surrealist films—Un chien andalou (1929) and L’Age d’or (1930)—and he contributed a dream sequence to Alfred Hitchcock’s Spellbound (1945). He also wrote a novel, Hidden Faces (1944) and several volumes of flamboyant autobiography. Although he is undoubtedly one of the most famous artists of the 20th century, his status is controversial; many critics consider that he did little if anything of consequence after his classic Surrealist works of the 1930s. There are museums devoted to Dalí’s work in Figueras, his home town in Spain, and in St Petersburg in Florida.
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